HITEC Medical & Dental Journal

PATTERN OF DENTAL DISEASES AMONG PATIENTS PRESENTING AT A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL

Ghulam Mustafa — 2024-08-14

Objective: To determine the pattern of the dental diseases among patients attending dental department of the Sheikh Zayed Hospital
Rahim Yar Khan.
Study Design: Cross-sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Sheikh Zayed Hospital, Rahim Yar Khan. 06 months(July-December 2023).
Material and Methods: The study was carried out at the Dental Outpatient Department (OPD) of Sheikh Zayed Medical College
and Hospital. Consecutive sampling was used to enroll a total of 300 patients. Patients of any age with dental conditions, regardless
of gender, who were undergoing treatment at the Dental OPD were eligible to participate as long as they fulfilled the inclusion
requirements. A predesigned and pretested questionnaire covering relevant study variables including demographic and different
dental diseases was used for data collection. For analysis, data were imported into SPSS version 20.
Results: A total of 300 patients were included in the study, the mean age was 31±15 years, 181 (60.3%) were females. Most of the
patients 160 (53.3%) presented with dental caries, 41(13.7%) with broken down root, 14 (4.7%) with calculus, 14 (4.7%) with
gingivitis, 12 (4%) with periodontal disease, 6 (2%) with malaligned teeth, 4 (1.3%) with trauma, 1 (0.3%) with staining, 48(16%)
with other diseases. About one third 93 (31%) of the patients had duration of disease as more than a year.
Conclusion: This study provides valuable insights into the distribution and management of dental diseases in a tertiary care setting.
It emphasizes the need for targeted interventions to address dental health disparities and improve access to care in resourceconstrained regions. Future research should focus on the socio-economic, environmental, and behavioral determinants of dental
diseases to develop effective prevention and treatment strategies.
Keywords: Calculus, Caries, Dental diseases, Frequency, Gingivitis.
How to cite this article: Mustafa G, Sheikh FA, Siddiqui SS. Pattern of Dental Diseases among patients presenting at a Tertiary Care
Hospital. HMDJ. 2024; 04(01): 21-24. doi: 10.69884/hmdj.4.1.7560

ONLINE LEARNING: DEPRESSION, ANXIETY, STRESS SYMPTOMATOLOGY AMONG STUDENTS OF WAH MEDICAL COLLEGE DURING COVID 19 QUARANTINE

dr anwar bibi — 2024-08-14

Introduction: The students faced new worries and issues with the discontinuation of on-campus teaching and the change to online
education during the COVID-19 quarantine. This significant change had a detrimental effect on their mental health and cognitive
functioning.
Objectives:
1. To assess depression, anxiety & stress among medical students during online learning.
2. To determine the association of depression, anxiety & stress with gender & residential status of the students.
Study Design: Cross-sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Wah Medical College, Wah Cantt. 06 months (December 2020-May 2021).
Material and Methods: Data collection was done by Google Forms, using Depression, Anxiety & Stress Scale (DASS) 21questionnaire
(Cronbach alpha >0.70). The Google form link was shared with all 500 MBBS students through their class WhatsApp groups. Only
180 students submitted the response giving a response rate of 36%. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26 was used
for data analysis. The descriptive variables were determined as Means & Standard Deviation (SD), frequencies & percentages. The
Chi-square test executed the inferential analyses, with a predetermined alpha (α) < 0.05.
Results: Male students were 60(33.3 %) and female students were 120(66.6%) . The proportion of rural students was 32 (17.8%)
and 148 (82.2%) were urban students. Stress was reported more than anxiety and depression among the students. Gender did not
significantly correlate with depression, anxiety, or stress (p-value>0.5). Depression was significantly more reported among rural
students than urban students (p-value <0.05).
Conclusion: In terms of mental health, both male and female students were equally affected by online learning during the quarantine
period of COVID-19.

The Sensitivity and Specificity of Chest X-ray in COVID-19 Patients Keeping HRCT as Gold Standard

Uzma Abdullah Awan — 2024-08-14

Objective: To determine sensitivity & specificity of chest X-ray in COVID-19, taking High-Resolution Computed Tomography as
gold standard.
Study Design: Cross-sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Radiology Deptt, Margalla Hospital, Taxila and Islamabad Diagnostic Centre, Wah. Two years
(February 2020 to February 2022).
Patients and Methods: The sample comprised 100 COVID-19 patients (Positive Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test). Their HighResolution Computed Tomography (HRCT) was done which was considered a gold standard for diagnosing COVID-19. Their
Chest X-rays (CXR) were performed, and findings of both modalities were compared. Patients having respiratory tract symptoms
but PCR negative for COVID-19 were excluded.
Results: The research had 49 males & 51 females having a median (IQR) age of 46.50(35-55.75) years. The minimum & maximum
ages were 6 years and 83 years respectively. Among 100 PCR-positive patients, 29 were found normal on HRCT and 30 on CXR.
For moderate cases, the chest X-rays were 72% sensitive & 90.67% specific, with Positive Predictive Value (PPV), Negative Predictive
Value (NPV) & diagnostic efficacy of 72%,90.67% & 86% respectively. Similarly, other severity levels were assessed.
Conclusion: CXR has acceptable diagnostic accuracy for COVID-19 patients, especially with good sensitivity for moderate cases
and better specificity for severe cases. A portable chest radiograph might be regarded as an initial alternative imaging modality for
patients with COVID-19 signs and symptoms in remote areas.
Key words: COVID-19, CXR , HRCT
How to cite this article: Abdullah U, Tariq N, Rizwan A, et al. Diagnostic accuracy of chest x-ray in covid -19 patients taking highresolution computed tomography as gold standard. HMDJ. 2024; 04(01): 04-07. doi: 10.69884/hmdj.4.1.8943

TO ASSESS NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF CHILDERN OF 1-5 YEARS AGE ATTENDING AT OPD SHEIKH ZAYED HOSPITAL RYK

Ghazala Yasmeen Iqbal — 2024-08-14

Introduction: Nutrition goes hand in hand with health. It is the basic necessity of life. Nutrition is the science of food and its relationship with health. While nutrients are the organic or inorganic complexes contained in food that are responsible for the function of food and so protect the body from disorders. A healthy diet also prevents weight related disorders. Study of nutritional status of children measures nutritional imbalance or malnourishment resulting Under-nutrition. It helps to identify high risk groups and access the role of different epidemiological factors in nutritional deficiency.

Objective: The study aims towards accessing the nutritional status of children under 1-5 years of age presented in children OPD of SZH to understand the variation of nutritional status of children presented by variables of weight and age.

Methodology: It is a descriptive type of cross-sectional study. The study was conducted in Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan during April 2022 to July, 2022. The sample size is 90 children (1- 5 years of age ) presented in the SZH OPD. The data was collected through a questionnaire that contain information regarding the assessment of nutritional status of children according to WHO growth standards. The data was compared with the growth charts and summarized into tables, graphs and Bar Diagrams by using SPSS software.

Results: Out of 90 children presented in the OPD, 56 children that is 62.2% were having normal weight and 32 children (35.6%) were under weight and 2 children (2.2%) were overweight.

Conclusions: Considerable proportions presented in the OPD were Underweight. The nutritional status of children depends on the proper feeding and socioeconomic status of children. Those who are not proper breast feed were malnourished i.e., underweight and shorter. So, proper breast feeding and immunization and monitoring of growth of children should be done to ensure good nutritional health of children.

Unveiling Alpha-Naphthoflavone Mediated CYP1A2 Suppression and Analysis of Consequent Structural Dynamics.

Umar Saeed — 2024-08-14

Cytochrome P450 enzymes play vital roles in metabolizing drugs, endogenous compounds, and environmental pollutants. Among them, Cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2), alongside CYP1A1 and CYP1B, is particularly important for activating carcinogens. Computational modeling of CYP1A2 is essential for understanding its interactions with various molecules, substrates, and inhibitors. This study aimed to characterize the structure of CYP1A2 and explore the binding of alpha-naphthoflavone to its active site. Using the Swiss PDB Viewer, we assessed the structural features of CYP1A2, focusing on key residues, motifs, helices, and conserved regions. Our findings identified specific binding sites for alpha-naphthoflavone, highlighting its potential as a potent inhibitor of CYP1A2. This research contributes to our knowledge of the clinical and toxicological implications associated with CYP1A2.

A child with chronic fever, skin rash, polydipsia and polyuria

Moiazza Tahir — 2024-08-14

Case 1 We present a case of Langerhan cell histiocytosis in a child as quiz

A case of swelling Parotid region

Maimona Aslam — 2024-08-14

We present a case of swelling Parotid region as a quiz.

PULMONARY EMBOLISM IN A HIGH- RISK PREGNANCY: A CASE STUDY

Mahwash Jamil — 2024-08-14

Management of high-risk pregnancy is challenging for the caregivers, and a healthy feto-maternal outcome is the utmost aim for
antenatal care. A good pre-pregnancy screening, vigilant monitoring for obstetrical complications in pre and postnatal periods,
multidisciplinary approach and timely decisions are key factors for successful management.
Keywords: High risk pregnancy, Pregnancy, Pulmonary embolism
How to cite: Jamil M, Khan N, Zainab S, et al. Pulmonary Embolism in a high- risk pregnancy: A case Study. HMDJ. 2024;
04(01): 25-28. doi: 10.69884/hmdj.4.1.5860

PILAGIARISM- AN UNDERSTANDING

Hamid Shafiq — 2024-08-14

Plagiarism is the most common type of misconduct in scientific writing and is defined as taking someone else’s work or ideas and passing them as their own thus retarding progress. It carries serious penalties if proved. Plagiarism-free scientific writing is a shared responsibility of medical institutes initiating the scientific writings and Journal editors who publish it.